Turkey, officially known as the Republic of Turkey, is a transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with a smaller portion on the Balkans in Southeast Europe. Here is an in-depth look at the country’s key characteristics:

Geography and Demographics

• Capital: Turkey’s capital city is Ankara, situated at the coordinates 39°55′N 32°51′E.
• Largest City: The largest city in Turkey is Istanbul, with coordinates 41°1′N 28°57′E. Istanbul is also one of the world’s oldest and most historically significant cities.
• Area: Turkey spans an impressive 783,356 km², making it the 36th largest country in the world.
• Population: As of December 2022, the estimated population stands at around 85.3 million people, ranking 17th in the world.

Language and Ethnicity

• Official Language: The official language of Turkey is Turkish.
• Spoken Languages: Predominantly Turkish, although there are various other languages and dialects spoken due to the ethnic diversity.
• Ethnic Groups: The major ethnic groups as of 2016 are 70–75% Turks, 19% Kurds, and 6–11% others.

Governance and Politics

• Government Structure: Turkey operates as a unitary presidential constitutional republic.
• Key Leaders: The President of Turkey is Recep Tayyip Erdoğan. The Vice President is Cevdet Yılmaz, the Speaker of the Assembly is Numan Kurtulmuş, and the Chief Justice is Zühtü Arslan.
• Legislature: The legislative body is the Grand National Assembly.

Economic Indicators

• GDP: In 2023, the estimated Gross Domestic Product (GDP) stands at $3.573 trillion (PPP) and $1.029 trillion (nominal). The per capita GDP is $41,412 (PPP) and $11,932 (nominal).
• Currency: The official currency is the Turkish Lira (₺), abbreviated as TRY.
• Time Zone: The time zone is UTC+3 (TRT).
• Date Format: Turkey follows the dd.mm.yyyy date format according to the Common Era (CE).
• Driving Side: Driving is on the right side of the road.
• Calling Code: The international calling code for Turkey is +90.
• Internet TLD: The top-level domain for Turkish websites is .tr.

Turkey has seen remarkable growth and diversification in recent years, both economically and culturally, making it an increasingly attractive destination for travel and investment. With its unique blend of historical landmarks, modern cities, and diverse landscapes, Turkey offers something for everyone.